Migration: Paul Salopek's Out of Eden Walk

December 18 is International Migrants Day.

Migrations have frequently occurred in the recent history of mankind, almost everywhere around the world. Now, since the world is becoming smaller and smaller, the migration routes are becoming big highways: today more than 200 million people are migrants, according to the data of the United Nations.

Yet, migration is far from being considered a normal phenomenon, especially when it comes to seeing foreigners arrive in our own country. Immigration and emigration have changed the history of many European countries, with some dramatic cases standing out: around half of the Albanians live away from their countries of origin (Albania and Kosovo).

Millions of Europeans left in search of a better life in North and South America, and it's been only after World War II that Europe has started receiving a considerable amount of immigrants.

But... Where did it all begin? Africa, Rift Valley. After wandering around the Continent for a while, our common ancestors decided to walk around the globe and set foot on most of the lands of this planet.

Now, in 2013, the journalist Paul Salopek (read biography here) has decided to walk on the pathways of the humans who first colonized the world: he started an awesome, mind-blowing 7-year journey by foot, beautifully documented in his project called Out of Eden Walk.

Give a look to the website and to the related contents: simply amazing!

http://www.outofedenwalk.com/

(also on Facebook, Twitter, National Geographic, NY Times article...)

"The guiding star of the walk’s storyline isn’t me. It’s the journey itself, the swarm of ideas and people encountered along the road. The opportunities to link the ambulatory journalism to education are nearly limitless." (Paul Salopek)

Out of Eden Walk Trailer from Out of Eden Walk on Vimeo.

European toponymy* and synecdoches**

* Toponymy: "the study of place names"
** Synecdoche: "a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa [...]"

The following post wants to address an important issue, because, as Chris McCandless said, it is important "to call each thing by its right name". As Mandela said, it is also important not to randomly quote famous people, but that's another issue.

"Bosnia"

Level 1: Bosnia is a geographical region, but it is not a country. Bosnia and Herzegovina IS a country. Herzegovina is also a region. The region of Bosnia and the region of Herzegovina together form (guess what?) Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Level 2: People from Bosnia are called Bosnians. People from Herzegovina are called Herzegovinians. People from Bosnia and Herzegovina are generally called Bosnians, even though if you say "Bosnian" to a person from Mostar you might be corrected to "Herzegovinian".
Level 3: Bosnia and Herzegovina (abbreviation: BiH) is divided into 2 entities, Republika Srpska and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (or simply "Federation"). Republika Srpska of course IS NOT the Republic of Serbia (which is the formal name for Serbia, by the way). Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina obviously IS NOT Bosnia and Herzegovina, just one of its two parts.
Level 4: The official capital of Republika Srpska is Sarajevo, but the National Assembly and the Government are based in Banja Luka. The capital of the Federation is also Sarajevo. The capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina is... (drum beats) ...Sarajevo!
Level 5: In Bosnia and Herzegovina there are 3 "ethnic groups", which mostly reflect the religious affiliation of the Bosnians: Bosniaks (= Bosnian Muslims), Croats (Catholic) and Serbs (Orthodox). Republika Srpska has a majority of Serbs, the Federation has a majority of Bosniaks, although some cities (especially in Herzegovina) have a Croat majority.
Level 6: Bosnian Croats are Croats (of course!). Croatians are also Croats. If I understood correctly (it's level 6, guys!), a Croatian is a citizen of Croatia; "Croats", on the other hand, defines the "ethnic group". But in Italian, Croatian and Croat are both translated with "croati"...

"Macedonia"

- The Republic of Macedonia is the formal name of the country that is called Macedonia by most people in the world.
- Macedonia is also a region of Greece. Its biggest city is Thessaloniki.
- Macedonia is also an historical region which includes Macedonia (region of Greece), the Republic of Macedonia, and parts of surrounding countries.
- The Republic of Macedonia IS NOT called Macedonia by the Greek people. Instead, it is called "Former Yugoslavian Republic Of Macedonia" (FYROM).

Last but not least, macedonia is the common word used in Italy to indicate the fruit salad...

"Holland"

HOLLANDE IS NOT A COUNTRY! (caps lock required...)
This funny video explains the whole deal:

"England"

Although this blog specifically deals with Europe, this is als... What? Oh yes, "England" is actually a part of Europe, they told me.

"Friuli"

Andate a Trieste e rivolgetevi ad un triestino chiamandolo "furlan". E capirete.

One important thing and many boring statistics

Important thing

This is something I wrote a few months ago, after I started hosting and meeting people through Couchsurfing and Warmshowers in Coimbra. After 2 months playing the part of the "surfer", it got an even greater meaning:

[...] maybe the greatest life lesson has come from couchsurfing. We are often warned about how dangerous the world is and how wrong it is to trust a stranger. But we forget that we are strangers in the eyes of every traveller and that our behaviour can influence his/her opinion about our own town, our country or even the goodness of mankind. By defeating fear and prejudice towards other people, we are always rewarded with some good moments which remind us that, after all, "there is some good in this world, and it's worth fighting for". Stay human.

Thanks to all the "strangers" that turned into friends!

Boring statistics

64 days.
63 nights in 43 different places.
44 nights hosted by someone, 17 nights in hostels/rooms, 2 nights on overnight trains.

18 borders crossed.
11 countries.
7 capitals: Ljubljana, Zagreb, Belgrade, Sofia, Athens, Tirana and Sarajevo.

2580 km by bike.
2500-3000 km by train or bus.
135 km on the longest biking day (November 18, from Parga to Sarande).

16 trains.
4 buses.
1 ferryboat.
1 bicycle.

15 km/h: normal average on a hilly day for the first week, when I was out of shape.
18 km/h: normal average on a hilly day after 1 month.
8 km/h: reasonable speed on a 6-8% climb.
58 km/h: maximum speed.

33x16, 33x18, 33x20: most used gears (= 3,5-4,5 metres per pedal revolution).
10^5 - 10^6: order of magnitude for the number of pedal revolutions during the journey.

75 kg: my weight.
~ 18-20 kg: total weight of the bags.
~ 15 kg: weight of the bicycle.

Max temperature: 28°C, 4/11/2013 in Thessaly, Greece
Min temperature: -3°C, 29/11/2013 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (not biking though...)

1 puncture.
0 other significant problems with the bicycle.

~ 850 € spent during the journey, of which:
230 € on accomodation
200 € on transportation
30-40 € on museum entrances and other tickets
20 € on the bicycle
almost all the rest on food/drinks (5-6 € per day)

Countries for number of visits in the blog: Italy (3000), Croatia (1100), USA (300), Greece, New Zealand, Brazil, Germany, France, Spain, Slovenia, Portugal...

0 kg lost while travelling.
100-120 g: average quantity of chocolate I ate everyday.
3 damn good tiramisù made.

Borders

"Mitakuye Oyasin" is a Lakota prayer. It means "we are all related" or "all my connections".

We are all related, so there is no difference among people, so need for borders. "Imagine there's no country...", using more famous words. I don't know if it is just a coincidence, but I immediately thought at where the Lakota people live: in the never-ending Great Plains. How can you imagine setting a border in a place like that?

64 days travelling through the Balkans, 18 borders crossed:

1) Italy-Slovenia

2) Slovenia-Croatia

3) Croatia-Hungary

4) Hungary-Croatia

5) Croatia-Serbia

6) Serbia-Bulgaria

7) Bulgaria-Greece

8) Greece-Macedonia

9) Macedonia-Greece

10) Greece-Albania

11) Albania-Montenegro

12) Montenegro-Croatia

13) Croatia-Bosnia and Herzegovina

14) Bosnia and Herzegovina-Croatia

15) Croatia-Bosnia and Herzegovina

16) Bosnia and Herzegovina-Croatia

17) Croatia-Slovenia

18) Slovenia-Italy

Many people asked me how it is to cross a border on a bicycle. The answer is: nothing special. The first time is fun, then it becomes just a matter of showing your ID (Italian citizens don't need passport for any country that I visited, even for those that don't belong to the EU) twice to the Police of both countries on the border. They might ask you where you are going, and nothing more.

A lot of blood was spilled to determine whether a certain border should be in the place it is or a few kilometres away. Borders changed the lives of many people: am I part of a majority or minority? Was I born in the "wrong" place? Lakota people would not understand this, I bet.

Questions:

1) Why do borders exist?

2) Are borders immutable?

While borders have a certain political and administrative function, I think it is everybody's task to question their existence, at least on a "thesis, antithesis, synthesis" base. Thinking that the current borders have always existed, have historical legitimacy and therefore will always exist is just useful propaganda, most of the times. In fact, borders don't exist, if you try to convince yourself of it.

It seems common to all countries to declare their current borders immutable to prevent parts of their territory to secede and declare independence. For example, Article 5 of the Italian Constitution states: "The Republic, one and indivisible, [...]". The United States of America also don't give the right to secede peacefully to parts of its territory, although the 1776 Declaration of Independence would suggest the opposite, when saying that "[...] whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness".

Without aiming at writing a political essay, I just wanted to introduce the topic because I feel that there is too much nationalist crap everywhere in the Balkans (and not only there...). I'm saying it straight just because I started loving the history, the culture and the people who live in this area, and when you love a place you try to understand its past and care about its future.

For nationalists, borders separate "us" from "them". Even though those borders changed several times in the past 100 years, now they can't change anymore, they say. Tradition, culture and language of the homeland must be preserved, apparently.

But seriously, how can people (not politicians, who do it just for their own interest) give so much importance to these fictitious lines?

Any Serb will find happiness when the last Bosniak leaves Republika Srpska?

Any Croatian will find happiness when Vukovar becomes a cyrillic-free city?

Mitakuye oyasin.

Counter migration: from a big city to a little village

On my first night in Greece I was hosted by Stelios, who lives in Odigitria, a little village with 30 inhabitants.

Stelios's story is an interesting one: he was born and raised in Athens (population: 4 million people). After working for 3 different companies, 5 years ago he lost his job with Vodafone. He was 35 years old and he had a higher salary than the young people they were probably going to employ on his place (ethical company, isn't it?). Tired of the city life, which he never really appreciated, he decided to dramatically change his life and move back to the village from which his grandparents emigrated many years before. A little at a time he renovated his family's old house, which had been abandoned for 20 years, he got a dog and he started growing vegetables in the garden.

Then the economic crisis hit Greece, changing the life of many people. Now Stelios has a couple of temporary jobs, but he doesn't have a regular one. However, besides the current difficulties, Stelios would never move back to Athens: in Odigitria he found priceless things that he would never exchange with his past chaotic life: following the natural rhythm of the day, listening to the sound of the breeze that blows through the leaves, having an afternoon walk with his dog on the nearby hills right before sunset... He is not even "excluded" from the rest of the world, using Internet for communicating, reading news, hosting people with Couchsurfing and buying most of the things he needs.

Yes, he would like to have some money to travel as he used to do some years ago with his motorcycle. Yes, he wishes the government didn't put such high taxes on his old house. But, on the other hand, Stelios entirely owns his life and his time. How many people can say the same?

The story of Stelios is an interesting starting point to share some thoughts and open a discussion about city life vs rural life: everywhere in the world the migration pattern goes from villages to cities. People leave their native places to go to the cities to study or work. They end up never going back to their hometown, mainly because of opportunities: the city is a magnet which inevitably attracts the "metallic" materialistic part of us (basic needs like money and food, but also "luxuries"). Our dreaming part loses power, but never disappeares, because most city people still dream about exotic deserted beaches, mountain villages and huts, rural heavens, where they usually spend relaxing holidays. Yet, if rural or even "intermediate" areas could offer the same working and social opportunities of the cities, they would not hesitate to move there.

Now, the point is: 2013, Internet, e-commerce. Could it be an opportunity for a new and different development of rural areas? Little villages have been associated with poverty, agriculture, bad education, while cities have been praised for their industry, opportunites, education. Does this make sense in the Information Age? Can the mountain villages in the Alps and the fishing villages of Portugal pursue a new model of development?

Last but not least: the human factor. More people often equals more conformity and less self-discovery. Take Milan, London, Zagreb, Belgrade, Sofia. The cities are different, but people do the same things everywhere. It's unbelievable, if you think at it.

Take Pierre (South Dakota, USA), Cornuda (Veneto, Italy), Mala Subotica (Međimurje, Croatia), Odigitria (Central Macedonia, Greece). These places are unique. There lies the heart and the culture of a country.

Biking through recent History

I had read some things about the Yugoslav Wars before the begin of this trip. After seeing the places with my eyes and hearing stories from people who were actually there in the years of the war, I'll try to write a few impressions about this topic with regard to Croatia and Serbia. If the journey goes as planned, I might visit Bosnian cities of Mostar and Sarajevo on my way back.

(It's not an "easy" topic, so any comment/correction is welcome, as always)

• Vukovar:
  I must start from here. This city is the symbol of the Serbian-Croatian war. I've been told that it was one of the richest city in former Yugoslavia. You might agree that it's true just by looking at the many big factories and industrial buildings that you see if you arrive in the city from the west.
  Then, the war. The population, which was evenly distributed between Serbs and Croats (who had lived together peacefully until then), has dropped from 45.000 to 25.000: many Serbs moved to Novi Sad or Belgrade, many Croatians started a new life in Zagreb, far from bullet-marked houses, mined fields and an atmosphere which is still filled with hate and contrasts between the two ethnical groups. For example, Serb and Croatian kids are in separated classes at school until college. The events of the past are still too recent to be forgotten, the difference is about how people look at them: someone remembers and looks at the future, many other people remember with their heads turned back to the past.
  
  
• Breaking news: my part in the history of Vukovar :)
  I arrived in Vukovar on October 17. On the same day the Prime Minister of Croatia, Mr. Zoran Milanovic, was in the city to talk to the nationalists and to the war veterans about the issue of cyrillic signs, which are to be installed because the Serb minority make up more than 1/3 of the total population of the city. High tension. In the previous days, 2-3 policemen of the special forces had to stand in front of every plaque written in cyrillic alphabet, because of people continuously trying to tear them down (big question: why?). So... this guy (me) who arrives on the bike seems an alien in this place at this time: is he a terrorist who hides a bunch of AK-47 in his panniers and aims at killing the PM? I don't know if they followed me or what, the fact is that the Police called Zoran, my Warmshowers host for the night, to make sure I was actually a normal traveller...
  Weird story, but it exemplifies well how the situation is around there.
  
  
  
  
• My meetings
  A girl whose family escaped from the Croatian part of Baranya because of the war and then returned when it was over. A professor in Vukovar High School who was studying in Novi Sad during the war, having his family in the middle of the conflict. Now the big old house of some of his dead relatives has almost no value, since the city is still under reconstruction and has high unemployment and very little perspectives for the next future.
  
  
• Yugoslavia and Tito: a compendium (trying to simplify complicated things)
  - Yugoslavia as known between 1945-1991 had never been a unique country in history, although some cultural traits are common to the people of the area. Parts of its territory were controlled until WW1 by Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire.
  - Croatians are mainly Catholic, Serbs are mainly Orthodox. In Bosnia and Kosovo there are big percentages of Muslims as well.
  - 1941-1945: Yugoslavia is occupied by the Nazis and other Axis countries. In Croatia there is a satellite fascist government (Ustaša), responsible for killing many Serbs.
  - 1945: Partisans led by Tito send away the occupants. It's the only European country which is not freed by the Allies, thus allowing it to take a Non-Aligned position and a certain independence from the Soviet block in the Cold War. Yugoslavia is organized as a federation, in which the regions are more or less those that now have become independent countries.
  - 1970s: Despite economic difficulties and rising requests for more independence from what has always been considered a Serb-centric nation (see Great Serbia), the country remains in peace until Tito's death in 1980. Tito was a dictator, but he represented at the eyes of most of the population a positive hero and a common symbol of anti-fascism.
  - 1980s: Changed economic balance in Europe (due to USSR's collapse), loosened grip of central government on peripherical regions, contemporary growth of nationalisms in Slovenia, Croatia and Kosovo.
  - 1990s: Breakup of Yugoslavian Communist Party. Referendum on independence in Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia. The former 2 states obtain independence "easily", Croatia and Bosnia fight for it until 1995, when NATO intervention put an end to the conflict.
  In 1999 other NATO intervention in support of Kosovo Albanians against Serbia.
  - 2000s: Montenegro and Kosovo form independent states.
  
  
• Consequences of the above:
  - Presence of nostalgia of Tito.
  - Serbians feel "victims" of US and Western European interests in the area (mainly regarding Kosovo, which they don't recognize as a country): good reason to "use" to raise Serbian pride, nationalism, etc.
  - Relationships among countries and among different ethnic groups in the same country are far from being stable (excluding Slovenia).
  - These problems stop Serbia from entering the EU. Macedonia has quarrels with Greece and Bulgaria as well.
  
  
• As said by a disilluded Serbian guy at the hostel in Belgrade:
  "There are 2 political parties: one of them is the party of the football hooligans (of every team) and of the nationalist idiots, which are often the same thing; the other one is the party of the people with a little bit of brain, but it's mostly made up by idiots anyway."

The beginning

Today, October 5, A European Journey has started. A few things I'd like to write at the beginning:

Me

A couple of interviews were published: they talk a little bit about the project and about me.

You can find them on the websites of Life in Travel and Bicycle TV.

In my plans, I'm not going to write very much about the biking part of the journey: there are plenty of blogs in the net where you can read a diary of every single day of someone's journey, but IMHO they are quite boring most of the times. At least, mine would be a boring one. So, no everyday update about n° of kms, averages, where I stop to eat, time I start and finish biking, etc. :)

I'll update Facebook and Twitter as often as possible with pictures.

Instead, I'm gonna try to tell stories about the people, the places and the things that impressed me, keeping a subjective view of things.

In most books, the I, or first person, is omitted; in this it will be retained; that, in respect to egotism, is the main difference. We commonly do not remember that it is, after all, always the first person that is speaking. I should not talk so much about myself if there were anybody else whom I knew as well. Unfortunately, I am confined to this theme by the narrowness of my experience.
(Henry David Thoreau, Walden)

You

What about YOU? Since this is all about Europe, if you have something cool to say about Europe, you can share it with everybody. I hope to get a few contributions from Couchsurfing friends, but also from any reader: I greatly appreciate and welcome things like "you have to listen to this amazing progressive rock band from Montenegro!", "let me tell you why you should visit Poland" or "I explain to you why this geopolitical situation was created after the Yugoslav wars"!

This is the purpose of the journey: VISIT. LEARN. SHARE. UNDERSTAND.

Europe gives us tons of topics to talk about, most of them unknown to me. You're right, it's not necessary to ride a bike to do that, but I'm a self-defeating person, so that's how I do it. I love cycling, by the way.

Write me cool stories about the places I'm riding through, if you wish. Send to:

aeuropeanjourney@gmail.com

Couchsurfing

I talk to many people who don't even know that couchsurfing exists. Not good! Couchsurfing is awesome, seriously. This is what I wrote about couchsurfing (and similar projects, like Warmshowers) a few months ago, in a moment in which I was deeply inspired and in love with CS:

" Couchsurfing has taught me one of the greatest life lessons: we are often warned about how dangerous the world is and how wrong it is to trust a stranger. But we forget that we are strangers in the eyes of every traveller and that our behaviour can influence his/her opinion about our own town, our country or even the goodness of mankind. By defeating fear and prejudice towards other people, we are always rewarded with some good moments which remind us that, after all, "there is some good in this world, and it's worth fighting for". Stay human. "

Where I go

Here, more or less.

To family and friends

I often feel lucky because of you. This is a reminder I'll carry with me:

Km 0 - the roots

These are the places that I won't visit in the next months. Not because they don't deserve being visited, but just because I have the pleasure to live close to them. I highly recommend to come to see them if you have never been to this awesome piece of land between the Adriatic Sea and that part of the Alps called Dolomites.

These are my roots. The roots give nutrition to the tree, allowing its flowers and fruits to grow.
Likewise, I think everyone's roots can't be the end, they are just the mean to grow better and go further away.

"Quello che io penso come albero parlante è che la vita sia questione di radici: più sono profonde più ti puoi portar lontano incontrando gente conquistando amici, perché io ho scoperto che le mie radici in fondo sono lì per procurarmi le risorse, cosicché con le mie foglie io possa affrontare venti forti e possa farmi delle corse."
(Lorenzo Jovanotti - L'albero)

Il nome della bici [IT]

Per fare un viaggio di questo tipo bisogna avere un rapporto speciale di fiducia con la propria dolce metà. Che sarebbe la bicicletta, ovvio. Quindi mi è stato suggerito di darle almeno un nome. Consiglio ottimo, ma dopo giorni e giorni di riflessione ancora niente.

Me piaxe i nomi stranieri, ma no go proprio idea. All'improvviso m'illumino d'immenso. Posse ciamarla Naily?

"Vado via qualche mese in giro per l'Europa..."
       (preoccupato) "Ma... da solo?"
"No no, figurati, vado con Naily!"
       (tirando un sospiro di sollievo) "Ah bon..."

Why bicycling?

This question could introduce the longest post ever written by me, since the "because..." list would include reasons like economy, ecology, health and much more. Fortunately for the readers, this is not the case.

Right now I'm writing my Civil Engineering undergraduate thesis about Safety in the design of cycling infrastructures. Besides all the technical stuff concerning cycle lanes, cycle tracks, intersections, etc., the fact that made me think the most is the well-demonstrated virtuous circle "more cyclists = more safety = more cyclists=...". Basically, safety with numbers. Logical. But while writing my thesis I kept thinking: economy, ecology, health... safety, where appliable. Most people know that by riding a bike you save money, respect the environment, stay fit... Isn't that enough to make them choose bicycles whenever possible for their everyday home-to-school, home-to-work travel?

Then I stumbled upon this article and this video. Afterwards things were clear.

Question: has anybody ever told you that bicycling equals happiness?

(possible start of my journey: October 5. You can follow it also on Facebook and Twitter! And maybe somewhere else, soon...)

Preparing the journey: the Balkans [EN] [IT]

40-50 days to go, but the preparation for the journey is still way behind the schedule (not even sure if a schedule exists).

I'm planning to go east first, then south. Slovenia, Croatia, southern Hungary, Serbia, western Romania and Bulgaria, Greece. Then back north towards Macedonia (somebody would prefer FYROM), Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia.

Balkans. A part of Europe which is often looked at with suspicion and judged by stereotypes about its peoples and its recent history. It may be true that some of these little countries recently born again from the ashes of Yugoslavia are far from being important in a political and economical vision of Europe. But it's also true that this area has an astonishing past and a multicultural identity that was unique in Europe until the very recent past.

Travelling might be a lot about looking around, taking pictures, visiting monuments, having fun. And, at the end of the trip, crossing a name from the "Places I have to see" list and look for the next destination. Yet, I believe this is not enough to make a good journey. Travelling is also like studying. If there was a University course in "Travelling", I would imagine it to be a hell of a difficult degree. And, since I'm putting a big effort on this project and I consider it my job for the upcoming year, I believe that reading, studying and finding information on the places I'll visit is the key to look at things with a different spirit and to be able to be a travelling storyteller once on the road.

Right now I'm reading a great history book: The Balkans: Nationalism, War & the Great Powers, 1804-1999, written by Misha Glenny. About 600 pages about the last two centuries in the Balkans, from the time when the peninsula was completely occupied by the Ottoman Empire to the recent wars in Bosnia and Kosovo.

My Erasmus experience confirmed my belief that in every country the History taught at school is way too focused on the "homeland".

Filiki Eteria, Austrian occupation of Bosnia, Osmanlılık, Megali Idea, Greece-Turkey exchange of populations, Non-Aligned Movement, Vukovar massacre... Of course an Italian or a Portuguese could live without knowing these things, but maybe it's also through these "boring" notions that stereotypes can be defeated.

What about literature, music, movies from the Balkans? I start with Underground, film directed by Emir Kusturica with music of Goran Bregovic.
Does anybody have suggestions about movies, book, etc.? Leave a comment here below or on the Facebook page! Shy people are not welcome. :)

----------

A 40-50 giorni dalla partenza i preparativi sono ancora in alto mare. Dalla prossima settimana però conto di cominciare seriamente, specialmente per quanto riguarda materiali e sponsor.

I primi tre mesi (fino a prima di Natale) saranno dedicati ai Balcani, forse la regione d'Europa meno conosciuta e verso cui noi occidentali abbiamo più pregiudizi. Gli staterelli nati dalle ceneri della Jugoslavia saranno anche insignificanti dal punto di vista politico-economico, ma di sicuro conservano un passato sorprendentemente ricco di culture e commistioni uniche in Europa.

Si può viaggiare guardandosi attorno, scattando foto, divertendosi e visitando musei e monumenti. Alla fine del viaggio poi si barra un nome dalla vista dei "posti da vedere" e si inizia a pensare al viaggio seguente. Ma non sono sicuro che questo basti per godere a pieno dell'esperienza del viaggio. Per me viaggiare alla fine è un po' come studiare. Viaggio soprattutto per imparare e migliorare come individuo, sperando che al ritorno la crescita spirituale che ne deriva possa espandersi a chi mi circonda. La linea verticale non può che precedere quella orizzontale, per dirla alla Seneca.

Spero che le letture e le ricerche che sto facendo in questo periodo possano aiutarmi durante il viaggio a cogliere maggiormente l'essenza delle cose che vedrò e delle conversazioni che farò, in modo da riuscire anche a raccontare l'esperienza vissuta.

The Balkans: Nationalism, War & the Great Powers, 1804-1999, scritto da Misha Glenny, è il libro che sto attualmente leggendo. 600 pagine sugli ultimi due secoli di Storia balcanica, dall'occupazione ottomana alle recenti guerre in Bosnia e Kosovo. Non che io legga libri di Storia molto spesso, ma questo è a dir poco coinvolgente per la quantità di volte che ho pensato "ah, ecco perché..." riguardo a fatti storici o culturali dei paesi balcanici su cui non avevo mai riflettuto.

In Erasmus ho avuto la conferma che in tutti i paesi la Storia insegnata a scuola è molto incentrata sulla propria nazione. Un Italiano può benissimo vivere senza sapere nulla sul nazionalismo greco, sulla guerra greco-turca, sugli Ustascia o su Srebrenica. Può benissimo guardare telegiornali che parlano solo dei "nostri" problemi, leggere giornali con 2-3 pagine su 60 di esteri. Può benissimo pensare che il bosniaco Gavrilo Princip si alza la mattina, tira fuori una pistoletta, pum!, l'Austria dichiara guerra alla Serbia e inizia la Grande Guerra. Capire la Storia straniera però ha come minimo il pregio di rendere ridicoli molti stereotipi...

Non so molto nemmeno di letteratura, musica e cinema dei paesi balcanici. Molto imparerò sulla strada, qualcosa spero di impararlo già prima di partire. Per ora posso citare il film Underground di Emir Kusturica, con colonna sonora di Goran Bregovic.

Qualcuno vuole consigliare altri libri, film, musiche? Lasciate un commento qua sotto o nella pagina Facebook! La timidezza non è gradita. :)

About bike travelling: finding inspiration

It's hard to give a definition of what is bike travelling, and it's even harder to explain the sensation of looking at new places from the top of a saddle.

A 1-day trip at 15 km/h can be the greatest of all the travels. On the other hand, a cyclist completing the Tour de France hardly sees something of the places he bikes through.

Bike travelling is a state of mind. I think there are some bike travellers who have been able to transmit this state of mind through videos, diaries or interviews. Here I collected some of my favourite ones, hoping that they could "inspire" somebody:

- Dino Lanzaretti biked across Tibet. (video in Italian)

- Gabriele Saluci travelled from Turin to Iceland in 2011. (video in Italian)

- "Pedalar é preciso", a 1-year journey across Brazil. (video in Portuguese)

- Frank van Rijn, on the road since he was born... almost! (interview in English)

...50-60 days to the start. Deciding the gear, buying clothes and other stuff, looking for sponsors, planning the route in detail, and more... Organizing it might be as challenging as riding it.

What's this all about? [EN] [IT]

First of all, this is about a dream. Everybody agrees with me if I say that it is always worth trying to accomplish a dream. We are always told that we should never give up dreaming. Yet, how difficult it is to pursue our own dreams!

(About pursuing our dreams)

Also, this is about an idea. "A European Journey" is not an athletic challenge, nor a one-man bike travel across Europe. Instead, it has the goal of telling something about life and culture of the places I will visit.

I won't look at things with the eyes of a tourist. I won't look at things with the eyes of Kim Jong-Un. I will try to look at things with the eyes of the locals, the people who live there and know those places: through that great idea called couchsurfing I hope to transform my individual experience into a polyphonic tale about Europe.

That's about it.

More details about the route in the section "The journey".

I plan to start travelling at the beginning of October.

If it's meant to be, it will be; if it's not meant to be, it won't be.

----------

C'era una volta un sognatore... Tutti concordano se dico che è sempre giusto provare ad inseguire un sogno. In effetti fin da bambini ci sentiamo dire che non dovremmo mai smettere di sognare. Ma in realtà, quanto difficile è seguire i propri sogni?

(Siamo ciò che sogniamo?)

C'era una volta un'idea... "A European Journey" non vuole essere un'impresa sportiva, né un viaggio in solitaria attraverso paesi e paesaggi europei differenti. L'idea è invece quella di raccontare la vita, la cultura e le storie dei luoghi attraversati guardandoli con gli occhi delle persone che li abitano. Parte integrante del progetto sarà quindi l'esperienza del couchsurfing: grazie a tutti coloro che incontrerò durante il viaggio la mia esperienza individuale potrà trasformarsi in un racconto corale, con l'ambizione di presentare alla fine uno spaccato di vita europea.

Un sogno e un'idea, tutto qui.

Il percorso che intendo seguire è descritto nella sezione "The journey".

Penso di partire ad inizio ottobre, poi si vedrà.

Non riesco ad immaginare come sarà, se andrà bene o se andrà male. Va bene così, quando si segue la propria strada.

“Só sentimos medo de perder aquilo que temos, sejam nossas vidas ou nossas plantações. Mas esse medo passa quando entendemos que nossa história e a história do mundo foram escritas pela mesma mão." 

"We are afraid of losing what we have, whether it's our life or our possessions and property. But this fear evaporates when we understand that our life stories and the history of the world were written by the same hand." 

"Abbiamo paura di perdere soltanto ciò che possediamo, sia esso la nostra vita o i nostri poderi. Ma la paura passa quando ci rendiamo conto che la nostra storia e la storia del mondo sono state scritte dalla stessa mano." 

(Paulo Coelho, O alquimista)